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arXiv · 2511.13432

The Last Vote: A Multi-Stakeholder Framework for Language Model Governance

Subramanyam Sahoo·Aditi Chhawacharia
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Abstract

As artificial intelligence systems become increasingly powerful and pervasive, democratic societies face unprecedented challenges in governing these technologies while preserving core democratic values and institutions. This paper presents a comprehensive framework to address the full spectrum of risks that AI poses to democratic societies. Our approach integrates multi-stakeholder participation, civil society engagement, and existing international governance frameworks while introducing novel mechanisms for risk assessment and institutional adaptation. We propose: (1) a seven-category democratic risk taxonomy extending beyond individual-level harms to capture systemic threats, (2) a stakeholder-adaptive Incident Severity Score (ISS) that incorporates diverse perspectives and context-dependent risk factors, and (3) a phased implementation strategy that acknowledges the complex institutional changes required for effective AI governance.

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Subramanyam Sahoo, Aditi Chhawacharia. 2025-11-17. The Last Vote: A Multi-Stakeholder Framework for Language Model Governance. https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.13432

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