Damping of phonons in one-dimensional quantum fluids

Federica Cataldini; Nataliia Bazhan; João Sabino; Philipp Schüttelkopf; Mohammadamin Tajik; Frederik S. Møller; Si-Cong Ji; Sebastian Erne; Igor Mazets; Jörg Schmiedmayer

arXiv · 2511.13681

Damping of phonons in one-dimensional quantum fluids

Federica Cataldini·Nataliia Bazhan·João Sabino·Philipp Schüttelkopf·Mohammadamin Tajik·Frederik S. Møller·Si-Cong Ji·Sebastian Erne·Igor Mazets·Jörg Schmiedmayer

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Abstract

Collective excitations in one-dimensional (1D) quantum fluids are expected to propagate almost without dissipation. Here we directly excite phonon modes in a weakly interacting 1D Bose gas and study their time evolution. In the linear response regime, damping is surprisingly fast and quantitatively follows the non-analytic scaling predicted by Andreev's hydrodynamic description. For stronger excitations, we observe a crossover to a highly nonlinear regime characterized by wave breaking, captured by the finite-temperature nonlinear Schr\"odinger evolution. Our results resolve a long-standing question on the fate of phonons in 1D Bose gases, and open new pathways to study non-linear relaxation in quantum many-body systems.

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Federica Cataldini, Nataliia Bazhan, João Sabino, Philipp Schüttelkopf, Mohammadamin Tajik, Frederik S. Møller, Si-Cong Ji, Sebastian Erne, Igor Mazets, Jörg Schmiedmayer. 2025-11-17. Damping of phonons in one-dimensional quantum fluids. https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.13681

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