A low-energy effective Hamiltonian for Landau quasiparticles: I. A unified theory of transport and superfluidity in Fermi liquids

Abstract

We introduce a new renormalisation scheme to construct the Landau quasiparticles of Fermi fluids. The scheme introduces an energy cutoff $\Lambda$ to remove the resonant couplings, enabling the dressing of the particles into quasiparticles via a unitary transformation. The dynamics of the quasiparticles is then restricted to low-energy transitions and is fully determined by an effective Hamiltonian which unifies the Landau function $f$, the pair interaction $g$ responsible for superfluidity, and the collision amplitude $\mathcal{A}$ responsible for transport and equilibration. Studying the flow equation that results from infinitesimal variations of the cutoff, we recover the Bethe-Salpeter relation between $f$ and the forward limit of $\mathcal{A}$, and we demonstrate an analogue relation between $g$ and the frontal limit of $\mathcal{A}$. We show that our effective theory captures all the low-energy phenomena of Fermi liquids, from the equation of state to the transport properties, both in the normal and in the superfluid phase. We apply it to the calculation of non-Fermi liquid corrections to the quasiparticle lifetime. This publication is continued by arXiv:2607.07041 where we apply the effective theory to a Fermi fluid of ultracold atoms.