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arXiv · 2511.16483

Large Language Model-Based Reward Design for Deep Reinforcement Learning-Driven Autonomous Cyber Defense

Sayak Mukherjee·Samrat Chatterjee·Emilie Purvine·Ted Fujimoto·Tegan Emerson
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Abstract

Designing rewards for autonomous cyber attack and defense learning agents in a complex, dynamic environment is a challenging task for subject matter experts. We propose a large language model (LLM)-based reward design approach to generate autonomous cyber defense policies in a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-driven experimental simulation environment. Multiple attack and defense agent personas were crafted, reflecting heterogeneity in agent actions, to generate LLM-guided reward designs where the LLM was first provided with contextual cyber simulation environment information. These reward structures were then utilized within a DRL-driven attack-defense simulation environment to learn an ensemble of cyber defense policies. Our results suggest that LLM-guided reward designs can lead to effective defense strategies against diverse adversarial behaviors.

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Sayak Mukherjee, Samrat Chatterjee, Emilie Purvine, Ted Fujimoto, Tegan Emerson. 2025-11-20. Large Language Model-Based Reward Design for Deep Reinforcement Learning-Driven Autonomous Cyber Defense. https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.16483

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