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arXiv · 2511.18493

SAGE: Shape-Adapting Gated Experts for Adaptive Histopathology Image Segmentation

Gia Huy Thai·Hoang-Nguyen Vu·Anh-Minh Phan·Quang-Thinh Ly·Tram Dinh·Thi-Ngoc-Truc Nguyen·Nhat Ho
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Abstract

The significant variability in cell size and shape continues to pose a major obstacle in computer-assisted cancer detection on gigapixel Whole Slide Images (WSIs), due to cellular heterogeneity. Current CNN-Transformer hybrids use static computation graphs with fixed routing. This leads to extra computation and makes it harder to adapt to changes in input. We propose Shape-Adapting Gated Experts (SAGE), an input-adaptive framework that enables dynamic expert routing in heterogeneous visual networks. SAGE reconfigures static backbones into dynamically routed expert architectures via a dual-path design with hierarchical gating and a Shape-Adapting Hub (SA-Hub) that harmonizes feature representations across convolutional and transformer modules. Embodied as SAGE with ConvNeXt and Vision Transformer UNet (SAGE-ConvNeXt+ViT-UNet), our model achieves a Dice score of 95.23% on EBHI, DSC scores of 92.78% and 91.42% on GlaS Test A and Test B, respectively, and 91.26% DSC at the WSI level on DigestPath, while exhibiting robust generalization under distribution shifts by adaptively balancing local refinement and global context. SAGE establishes a scalable foundation for dynamic expert routing in visual networks, thereby facilitating flexible visual reasoning. Project page: https://oxyzgiahuy.github.io/sage/

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Gia Huy Thai, Hoang-Nguyen Vu, Anh-Minh Phan, Quang-Thinh Ly, Tram Dinh, Thi-Ngoc-Truc Nguyen, Nhat Ho. 2025-11-23. SAGE: Shape-Adapting Gated Experts for Adaptive Histopathology Image Segmentation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.18493

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