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arXiv · 2511.19606

Periodic Gravitational Lensing with Oscillating Boson Stars

Xing-Yu Yang·Tan Chen·Rong-Gen Cai
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Abstract

We show that oscillating (real-scalar) boson stars generically host an \emph{oscillating radial caustic}. Sources near this caustic cross it every half period, thereby producing periodic caustic-crossing lensing. The resulting observables are phase locked to the lens oscillation: image-pair creation or annihilation, changing image morphology, achromatic photometric spikes, and astrometric motion. This signal provides a distinctive target for time-domain astronomy, and its detection would reveal an intrinsically time-dependent compact dark-sector object. Event-number estimates indicate a measurable discovery space with current astrometric and high-cadence photometric surveys, while null searches would constrain the abundance of such objects as dark matter. The predictions rely only on the dynamics of real-scalar condensates and extend naturally to self-interacting real scalars, including axionlike particles, and to ultralight vector bosons.

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Xing-Yu Yang, Tan Chen, Rong-Gen Cai. 2025-11-24. Periodic Gravitational Lensing with Oscillating Boson Stars. https://doi.org/10.1103/6w3p-8ym2

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