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arXiv · 2511.21166

The Fredenhagen-Marcu operator in the gauge-Higgs Z(2) LGT at finite temperature

B. Allés·O. Borisenko·V. Chelnokov·A. Papa
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Abstract

We explore the possibility to use the Fredenhagen-Marcu operator as a candidate order parameter of the deconfinement phase transition in gauge matter systems at finite temperature. Concretely, we compute by numerical simulations this operator in the (2+1)-dimensional Z(2) lattice gauge theory (LGT) with Z(2) gauge fields coupled to Z(2)-valued Higgs fields. While we cannot provide an unambiguous evidence, we present some hints that the Fredenhagen-Marcu operator is capable of distinguishing the deconfinement phase from the Higgs and confinement phases of the theory.

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B. Allés, O. Borisenko, V. Chelnokov, A. Papa. 2025-11-26. The Fredenhagen-Marcu operator in the gauge-Higgs Z(2) LGT at finite temperature. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140832

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