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arXiv · 2512.00843

Multiqubit Rydberg Gates for Quantum Error Correction

David F. Locher·Josias Old·Katharina Brechtelsbauer·Jakob Holschbach·Hans Peter Büchler·Sebastian Weber·Markus Müller
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Abstract

Multiqubit gates that involve three or more qubits are usually thought to be of little significance for fault-tolerant quantum error correction because single gate faults can lead to errors of high Pauli weight. However, recent works have shown that multiqubit gates can be beneficial for measurement-free fault-tolerant quantum error correction and for fault-tolerant stabilizer readout in unrotated surface codes. In this work, we investigate multiqubit Rydberg gates that are useful for fault-tolerant quantum error correction in single-species neutral-atom platforms and can be implemented with global laser pulses that do not individually address atomic sites. We develop an open-source Python package to generate analytical, few-parameter pulses that implement the desired gates while minimizing gate errors due to Rydberg-state decay. The tool also allows us to identify parameter-optimal pulses, characterized by a minimal parameter count for the pulse ansatz. Measurement-free quantum error correction protocols require CCZ gates, which we analyze for atoms arranged in symmetric and asymmetric configurations. We investigate the performance of these schemes for various single-, two-, and three-qubit gate error rates, showing that break-even performance of measurement-free QEC is within reach of current hardware. Moreover, we study Floquet quantum error correction protocols that comprise two-body stabilizer measurements. Those can be realized using global three-qubit gates, and we show that this can lead to a significant reduction in shuttling operations. Simulations with realistic circuit-level noise indicate that applying three-qubit gates for stabilizer measurements in Floquet codes can yield competitive logical qubit performance in experimentally relevant error regimes.

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David F. Locher, Josias Old, Katharina Brechtelsbauer, Jakob Holschbach, Hans Peter Büchler, Sebastian Weber, Markus Müller. 2025-11-30. Multiqubit Rydberg Gates for Quantum Error Correction. https://doi.org/10.1103/j8fm-24cf

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