Expansion joints in hyperbolic manifolds

Abstract

Deformations of hyperbolic manifolds through metrics with cone singularities along closed loops were first studied by Thurston as continuous realisations of Dehn fillings. Instead of gluing singular solid tori into rank $2$ cusps, we glue singular $2$-handles into rank $1$ cusps. To do this we find substructures within which the hyperbolic metric can be `fractured' in a controlled way by direct manipulation of a fundamental polyhedron, changing the cone angle around an ideal arc to interpolate between cusped hyperbolic manifolds and hyperbolic manifolds with conformal surfaces on the visual boundary. As an application, we use cone deformations of a family of arithmetic manifolds derived from the Borromean rings to show that the upper unknotting tunnels of highly twisted $2$-bridge links can be drilled out by cone deformations through pinched negatively curved metrics. Finally we show that our structures arise naturally in fully augmented links, providing a large family of examples.