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arXiv · 2512.01051

Starspots and Flares are Generally Not Correlated

Andy B. Zhang·Jason R. Reeves·David V. Martin·Veronica Pratt·Wata Tubthong·Arielle Weinstein·Isabella E. Ward
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Abstract

Sunspots and solar flares are two different manifestations of magnetic activity on the surface of the Sun. On the Sun, flares typically occur close to spots. In this paper we test this the connection between spots and flares on other stars. We detect 218,386 stellar flares on 14,163 spotted stars using a new algorithm called \textsc{toffee}. Inhomogeneous spot distributions mean that as stars rotate they become brighter when less spots are facing the observer, and dimmer when more spots are facing the observer. We determine that flares occur when the star is brighter $49.97\pm 0.21\%$ of the time, i.e. there is an equal preference for the flares to occur when the star is relatively bright or dim. We therefore find no evidence for a correlation between flare rate and spot occurrence, contrary to what is seen on the Sun.

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Andy B. Zhang, Jason R. Reeves, David V. Martin, Veronica Pratt, Wata Tubthong, Arielle Weinstein, Isabella E. Ward. 2025-11-30. Starspots and Flares are Generally Not Correlated. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.01051

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