The PAR dataset: Prostate biopsy whole slide images from an underrepresented Middle Eastern population

Peshawa J. Muhammad Ali; Navin Vincent; Saman S. Abdulla; Han N. Mohammed Fadhl; Anders Blilie; Kelvin Szolnoky; Julia Anna Mielcarz; Xiaoyi Ji; Kimmo Kartasalo; Abdulbasit K. Al-Talabani; Nita Mulliqi

arXiv · 2512.03854

The PAR dataset: Prostate biopsy whole slide images from an underrepresented Middle Eastern population

Peshawa J. Muhammad Ali·Navin Vincent·Saman S. Abdulla·Han N. Mohammed Fadhl·Anders Blilie·Kelvin Szolnoky·Julia Anna Mielcarz·Xiaoyi Ji·Kimmo Kartasalo·Abdulbasit K. Al-Talabani·Nita Mulliqi

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Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in digital pathology. Publicly available histopathology datasets remain scarce, and those that do exist predominantly represent Western populations. Consequently, the generalizability of AI models to populations from less digitized regions, such as the Middle East, is largely unknown. This motivates the public release of our dataset to support the development and validation of pathology AI models across globally diverse populations. We present 1,017 whole slide images by digitizing 339 glass slides of prostate core needle biopsies from a consecutive series of 185 patients collected in Erbil, Iraq. The slides are associated with Gleason scores and International Society of Urological Pathology grades assigned independently by three pathologists. Scanning was performed using two high-throughput scanners (Leica and Hamamatsu) and one compact scanner (Grundium). All slides were de-identified and are provided in their native formats without further conversion. The dataset enables grading concordance analyses, color normalization, and cross-scanner robustness evaluations. The PAR dataset has been deposited to the BioImage Archive under accession number S-BIAD2323 (https:// doi.org/10.6019/S-BIAD2323).

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Peshawa J. Muhammad Ali, Navin Vincent, Saman S. Abdulla, Han N. Mohammed Fadhl, Anders Blilie, Kelvin Szolnoky, Julia Anna Mielcarz, Xiaoyi Ji, Kimmo Kartasalo, Abdulbasit K. Al-Talabani, Nita Mulliqi. 2025-12-03. The PAR dataset: Prostate biopsy whole slide images from an underrepresented Middle Eastern population. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.03854

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