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arXiv · 2512.04376

Linear stability of nonrelativistic Proca stars

Emmanuel Chávez Nambo·Galo Diaz-Andrade·Alberto Diez-Tejedor·Edgar Preciado-Govea·Armando A. Roque·Olivier Sarbach
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Abstract

We study the linear stability of nonrelativistic Proca stars under generic perturbations. Using a combination of analytic and numerical methods, we demonstrate that, as expected, the ground state is always mode-stable. Additionally, we identify several mode-stable spherically symmetric excited states, including stationary states of constant and radial polarization, as well as multi-frequency states in case that the spin-spin selfinteraction vanishes. The existence of stable excited states may have implications for spin-$1$ ultralight dark matter models.

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Emmanuel Chávez Nambo, Galo Diaz-Andrade, Alberto Diez-Tejedor, Edgar Preciado-Govea, Armando A. Roque, Olivier Sarbach. 2025-12-04. Linear stability of nonrelativistic Proca stars. https://doi.org/10.1103/b211-tqgm

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