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arXiv · 2512.05096

Pump Free Microwave-Optical Quantum Transduction

Fangxin Li·Jaesung Heo·Zhaoyou Wang·Andrew P. Higginbotham·Alexander A. High·Liang Jiang
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Abstract

Distributed quantum computing involves superconducting computation nodes operating at microwave frequencies, which are connected by long-distance transmission lines that transmit photons at optical frequencies. Quantum transduction, which coherently converts between microwave and optical (M-O) photons, is a critical component of such an architecture. Current approaches are hindered by the unavoidable problem of device heating due to the optical pump. In this work, we propose a pump-free scheme based on color centers that generates time-bin encoded M-O Bell pairs. Our scheme first creates spin-photon entanglement and then converts the spin state into a time-bin-encoded microwave photon using a strongly coupled Purcell-enhanced resonator. In our protocol, the microwave retrieval is heralded by detecting the microwave signal with a three-level transmon. We have analyzed the resulting Bell state fidelity and generation probability of this protocol. Our simulation shows that by combining a state-of-the-art spin-optical interface with our proposed strongly-coupled spin-microwave design, the pump-free scheme can generate M-O Bell pairs at a heralding rate exceeding one kilohertz with near-unity fidelity, which establishes the scheme as a promising source for M-O Bell pairs.

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Fangxin Li, Jaesung Heo, Zhaoyou Wang, Andrew P. Higginbotham, Alexander A. High, Liang Jiang. 2025-12-04. Pump Free Microwave-Optical Quantum Transduction. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.05096

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