Lie Theory Theorems over Positive Characteristic and Modular Lie algebras

Abstract

Sometimes, it is very important to consider what type of setting is assumed when studying a mathematical object. For example, in Galois theory, properties can completely change if we study a field extension over $F_p$ instead of a field over $\mathbb{Q}$. When we consider base fields for modules, algebras, or vector spaces, we often recall commonly used fields such as $\mathbb{C}$ and fields $F$ with char $F= p$. Similar behavior arises in the study of Lie algebras. Properties that hold for Lie algebras over a field of characteristic zero do not necessarily hold over a field of characteristic $p$. In general, we are more familiar with studying Lie algebras and their representations over $\mathbb{C}$. However, an interesting fact is that new properties can be discovered by studying the theory over fields of positive characteristic. Therefore, we will closely examine how theorems and properties in Lie algebra theory do not hold or behave differently when the base field has characteristic p. In fact, there is a related area of study known as modular Lie theory that deals specifically with this setting. In this theory, we study concepts such as the definition of restricted Lie algebras, that is, Lie algebras $L$ equipped with a p-mapping $[p] : L \rightarrow L$, defined as $x\mapsto x^{[p]}$, where the base field has prime characteristic. In other words, the theory introduces a new tool, the $p$-mapping, for the study of modular Lie algebras. In this project, we aim to study Lie algebras defined over fields of positive characteristic. Specifically, the main focus will be on how Lie algebras behave over such fields and how we can develop the general framework of modular Lie theory based on the insights and structures that arise in this setting.