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arXiv · 2512.14672

Clustering with Light (but Massive) Relics

Jason Kumar·Pearl Sandick·Shuting Xu
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Abstract

We consider the effect of Light (but Massive) Relics (LiMRs) on the clustering of matter in the early Universe. We account for the fact that LiMRs which are massive enough may cluster on large length scales at early times, and may thus impact weak lensing of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) even on small angular scales. In particular, we find that LiMRs in the $\gtrsim$ eV mass range (and even $> 10$ eV), can constitute a non-negligible component of dark matter. This opens up a class of scenarios in which energy is injected as dark radiation, but begins to redshift as matter before recombination, thus avoiding constraints on $\Delta N_{eff}$ while providing an eV-range dark matter component.

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Jason Kumar, Pearl Sandick, Shuting Xu. 2025-12-16. Clustering with Light (but Massive) Relics. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.14672

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