SearcharxivSearch

arXiv · 2512.15797

Theory of Normalized Remainders in Taylor Series Expansions

Abstract

Since 2023, through the detailed examination of numerous concrete examples, the author and his collaborators have identified a recurring pattern. Building upon this observation, they introduced the concept of the normalized remainder. They deliberately chose this term and subsequently explored its historical background and mathematical significance. In 2026, Abu-Ghuwaleh propelled the subject forward at a deeper structural level. By exploring the broader dynamical and theoretical framework surrounding the normalized remainder family, he significantly developed and formalized the concept, firmly embedding it within the field. Consequently, the notion of the normalized remainder now carries richer and more profound mathematical significance. In this chapter, the author presents a synthesis of the research process and the principal findings related to the normalized remainder.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Feng Qi. 2025-12-16. Theory of Normalized Remainders in Taylor Series Expansions. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.15797

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

Average Chord Lengths in a Triangle

Let $P$ be a point inside a triangle $T$. We consider the average length of the chords of $T$ through $P$, where the direction of the chord is chosen uniformly. An elementary formula is obtained in terms of the distances from $P$ to the sides and vertices of the triangle. Several classical triangle centers give especially simple specializations. For example, if $I$ is the incenter, then \[ M_T(I)=\frac{2r}{\pi} \log\left(\cot\frac A4\cot\frac B4\cot\frac C4\right). \] Our main result is the sharp inequality \[ M_T(P)\le \frac{p}{\pi\sqrt3}\log(2+\sqrt3), \] valid simultaneously for every triangle of perimeter $p$ and every interior point $P$. Thus, among all such pairs $(T,P)$, the largest possible average chord length occurs only when $T$ is equilateral and $P$ is its center. The proof is an elementary symmetrization argument. We close with brief remarks relating the problem to the radial center of a convex body, the electrostatic potential center of a triangle, and dual quermassintegrals.

math.GM

A Proof of Liu's Conjecture on the Fundamental Triangle Inequality

Let $a,b,c$ be the side lengths of a triangle, and let $R$ and $r$ denote its circumradius and inradius, respectively. We prove a conjecture of Liu stating that \[\sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} \left(\frac{a(b+c-a)}{bc}\right)^k \geq 2+\left(\frac{2r}{R}\right)^k,~~k>1, \] with the reverse inequality for $0<k<1$. The proof reduces the problem to three positive variables with fixed sum and product. We also determine the equality cases.

math.GM