Unleashing the Capabilities of Large Vision-Language Models for Intelligent Perception of Roadside Infrastructure

Luxuan Fu; Chong Liu; Bisheng Yang; Zhen Dong

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arXiv · 2601.10551

Unleashing the Capabilities of Large Vision-Language Models for Intelligent Perception of Roadside Infrastructure

Luxuan Fu·Chong Liu·Bisheng Yang·Zhen Dong

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Abstract

Automated perception of urban roadside infrastructure is crucial for smart city management, yet general-purpose models often struggle to capture the necessary fine-grained attributes and domain rules. While Large Vision Language Models (VLMs) excel at open-world recognition, they often struggle to accurately interpret complex facility states in compliance with engineering standards, leading to unreliable performance in real-world applications. To address this, we propose a domain-adapted framework that transforms VLMs into specialized agents for intelligent infrastructure analysis. Our approach integrates a data-efficient fine-tuning strategy with a knowledge-grounded reasoning mechanism. Specifically, we leverage open-vocabulary fine-tuning on Grounding DINO to robustly localize diverse assets with minimal supervision, followed by LoRA-based adaptation on Qwen-VL for deep semantic attribute reasoning. To mitigate hallucinations and enforce professional compliance, we introduce a dual-modality Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) module that dynamically retrieves authoritative industry standards and visual exemplars during inference. Evaluated on a comprehensive new dataset of urban roadside scenes, our framework achieves a detection performance of 58.9 mAP and an attribute recognition accuracy of 95.5%, demonstrating a robust solution for intelligent infrastructure monitoring.

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Luxuan Fu, Chong Liu, Bisheng Yang, Zhen Dong. 2026-01-15. Unleashing the Capabilities of Large Vision-Language Models for Intelligent Perception of Roadside Infrastructure. https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.10551

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