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arXiv · 2601.13903

Know Your Contract: eIDAS-Based Verifiable Legal Identities for Smart Contracts, Enabling Regulatory-Compliant On-Chain Operations

Awid Vaziry·Sandro Rodriguez Garzon·Christoph Wronka·Axel Küpper
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Abstract

Public blockchains provide no native mechanism to verify the legal identity behind a deployed smart contract, which blocks institutional adoption and compliance with EU regulations such as MiCA and AMLR. We present KYC Seal, the first protocol that extends the EU eIDAS trust infrastructure to Ethereum smart contracts by cryptographically binding them to Qualified Electronic Seals issued by Qualified Trust Service Providers (QTSPs). The protocol realizes the full eIDAS trust chain, from the European Commission's List of Trusted Lists through Member-State trusted lists and QTSP-signed X.509 certificates down to the individual smart contract, natively on-chain. An on-chain parser extracts identity fields directly from the QTSP-signed certificate bytes at registration. Both cryptographic verifications, the QTSP issuance signature and the certificate holder's seal signature, are performed once at registration and cached as on-chain state, reducing per-interaction seal verification to a pure state check. A new P-256 elliptic-curve precompile in Ethereum (deployed December 2025) makes these one-time cryptographic steps economical, enabling trustless on-chain verification of eIDAS identities without oracles or runtime intermediaries. A reference implementation, a formal security analysis, and a gas evaluation are the subject of forthcoming work.

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Awid Vaziry, Sandro Rodriguez Garzon, Christoph Wronka, Axel Küpper. 2026-01-20. Know Your Contract: eIDAS-Based Verifiable Legal Identities for Smart Contracts, Enabling Regulatory-Compliant On-Chain Operations. https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.13903

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