Helical Current of Propagating Dirac Electrons and Geometric Coupling to Chiral Environments

Ju Gao; Fang Shen

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arXiv · 2601.16066

Helical Current of Propagating Dirac Electrons and Geometric Coupling to Chiral Environments

Ju Gao·Fang Shen

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Abstract

We show that a propagating Dirac electron with intrinsic spin generically carries a real--space helical conserved current, even in the absence of orbital angular momentum. Using exact Dirac eigenstates in cylindrical confinement, we demonstrate that this helical structure possesses definite handedness, persists into evanescent regions, and is characterized by a geometric helix pitch independent of the longitudinal de~Broglie wavelength. This intrinsic helical geometry enables a local geometric coupling between a propagating electron and a chiral environment, yielding chirality--dependent spin selectivity through current geometry rather than through a spin--orbit coupling term.

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Ju Gao, Fang Shen. 2026-01-22. Helical Current of Propagating Dirac Electrons and Geometric Coupling to Chiral Environments. https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.16066

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