LCLs in the Borel Hierarchy

Abstract

A locally checkable labeling problem (LCL) on a group $\Gamma$ asks one to find a labeling of the Cayley graph of $\Gamma$ satisfying a fixed, finite set of "local" constraints. Typical examples include proper coloring and perfect matching problems. In descriptive combinatorics, one often considers the existence of solutions to LCLs in the setting of descriptive set theory. For example, given a free action of $\Gamma$ on a Polish space $X$, we might be interested in solving a given LCL on each orbit in a continuous, Borel, measurable, etc. way. In an attempt to understand more finely the gap between Borel and continuous combinatorics, we consider the existence of Baire class $m$ solutions to LCLs. For all $n > 1$ and $m \in \omega$, we produce an LCL on $\mathbb{F}_n$ which always admits Baire class $m+1$ solutions, but not necessarily Baire class $m$ solutions.