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arXiv · 2601.19520

Intrinsic Width of the Flux Tube as a tool to explore confining mechanisms in Lattice Gauge Theories

Michele Caselle·Elia Cellini·Alessandro Nada·Dario Panfalone·Lorenzo Verzichelli
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Abstract

We study the profile of the flux tube in the SU(2) gauge model in 2+1 dimensions, with a particular attention to the so called "intrinsic width" which drives the exponential decay of the flux density at large transverse distances. This quantity is directly related to the confining mechanism which generates the flux tube: to test the properties of the latter we study a wide range of different values of lattice spacing, temperature and flux tube lengths and show that our data are precise enough to distinguish between different confining models. In particular we show that at high temperatures (just below the deconfinement transition) the data are perfectly described by an Ising-like effective model based on the Svetitsky-Yaffe mapping. At lower temperatures this approximation does not hold anymore. In this regime (which is the most interesting one from a physical point of view) we test several alternative proposals and show that the dual superconductor model is the one which better fits the data. However, this proposal is not fully satisfactory, because the values of the Ginzburg-Landau parameter extracted from the fits increase with the length of the flux tube, which is not a feature predicted by the model. This suggests that a more sophisticated model is needed to explain confinement in non-abelian gauge theories and, at the same time, that our data on the intrinsic width may be a powerful tool to benchmark these candidates.

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Michele Caselle, Elia Cellini, Alessandro Nada, Dario Panfalone, Lorenzo Verzichelli. 2026-01-27. Intrinsic Width of the Flux Tube as a tool to explore confining mechanisms in Lattice Gauge Theories. https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.19520

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