Filtrations and cohomology on graph products

Abstract

Let $p$ be a prime. We resolve a question posed by Min\'a\v{c}-Rogelstad-T\^an. We relate the Zassenhaus and the lower central series of pro-$p$ groups under a torsion-freeness condition. We also study graph products of (pro-$p$) groups under natural assumptions. In particular, we compute their graded Lie algebras associated with the previous filtrations, as well as their cohomology over $\mathbb{F}_p$. Our approach relies on various filtrations of amalgamated products, as studied in Leoni's PhD thesis. Explicit examples are provided using the Koszul property. As a concrete application, we compute the cohomology over $\mathbb{F}_p$ and the graded Lie algebras associated with the filtrations of graph products of fundamental groups of surfaces. These groups furnish new examples satisfying the torsion-freeness condition, which arises in the question of Min\'a\v{c}-Rogelstad-T\^an.