Firewalls in the non-perturbative bulk Hilbert space of JT gravity

Hamed Zolfi

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arXiv · 2601.22121

Firewalls in the non-perturbative bulk Hilbert space of JT gravity

Hamed Zolfi

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Abstract

It has been shown that a very old black hole can tunnel into a white hole through the emission of a large baby universe. This process can be modeled by a genus-one geometry corresponding to a single baby universe emission, with a tunneling probability proportional to $ t^{2} e^{-2S(E)} $, where $ t $ denotes the black hole age and $ S(E) $ its entropy at energy $ E $. The growth of this probability at late times raises the question of its behavior near $ t \sim e^{S} $. A natural possibility is that the full genus expansion, together with its non-perturbative completion, leads to saturation of the tunneling probability. Motivated by this idea, the present analysis employs a non-perturbative bulk inner product in place of the perturbative one and shows that, at late times, the probabilities of realizing firewall geometries and smooth geometries approach constant values.

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Hamed Zolfi. 2026-01-29. Firewalls in the non-perturbative bulk Hilbert space of JT gravity. https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.22121

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