Electrically tunable dipolar polaritons with giant nonlinearity in a homobilayer microcavity

Baixu Xiang; Yubin Wang; Guihan Wen; Yitong Li; Hao Wen; Zengde She; Haiyun Liu; Kenji Watanabe; Takashi Taniguchi; Timothy C. H. Liew; Zhiyuan Sun; Qihua Xiong

arXiv · 2602.02273

Electrically tunable dipolar polaritons with giant nonlinearity in a homobilayer microcavity

Baixu Xiang·Yubin Wang·Guihan Wen·Yitong Li·Hao Wen·Zengde She·Haiyun Liu·Kenji Watanabe·Takashi Taniguchi·Timothy C. H. Liew·Zhiyuan Sun·Qihua Xiong

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Abstract

Active control over strong optical nonlinearity in solid-state systems is central to unlocking exotic many-body phenomena and scalable photonic devices. While exciton-polaritons in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) offer a promising platform, their practical utility is often impeded by fixed interaction parameters and an intrinsic trade-off between nonlinearity and oscillator strength. Here, we report electrically tunable dipolar polaritons in a dual-gated bilayer MoS2 microcavity, demonstrating in situ reshaping of the dispersion and modulation of the light-matter coupling strength via the quantum-confined Stark effect. Crucially, this architecture enables a giant polariton-polariton interaction strength tunable by a factor of seven. This nonlinearity enhancement arises from a synergistic interplay, in which the electric field amplifies the microscopic dipolar repulsion while simultaneously optimizing the macroscopic excitonic Hopfield coefficient. Furthermore, electrostatic doping serves as an independent control knob to switch the system between strong and weak coupling regimes. Our findings bridge the gap between strong optical coupling and giant dipolar nonlinearities, establishing the TMD homobilayer as a versatile platform for engineering programmable correlated many-body states on a chip.

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Baixu Xiang, Yubin Wang, Guihan Wen, Yitong Li, Hao Wen, Zengde She, Haiyun Liu, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Timothy C. H. Liew, Zhiyuan Sun, Qihua Xiong. 2026-02-02. Electrically tunable dipolar polaritons with giant nonlinearity in a homobilayer microcavity. https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.02273

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