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arXiv · 2602.04833

Continuous eigenvalues of minimal subshifts via S-adic representations and coboundaries

Valérie Berthé·Paulina Cecchi-Bernales·Bastián Espinoza
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Abstract

We provide characterizations of continuous eigenvalues for minimal symbolic dynamical systems. These characterizations rely on a description of the system in terms of $S$-adic structures (i.e. infinite compositions of morphisms) satisfying natural mild conditions, such as recognizability and primitivity. Under the additional assumptions of finite alphabet rank or decisiveness of the directive sequence, these characterizations involve sequences of letter coboundaries. We emphasize the role of combinatorics in the study of continuous eigenvalues through the interplay between letter coboundaries and extension graphs, and we provide several sets of sufficient conditions ensuring the triviality of letter coboundaries. These results are applied, among other settings, to linear involutions and to the Thue--Morse system in the rational base $3/2$. We also illustrate the versatility of the notion of letter coboundaries in the context of bounded symbolic discrepancy. In particular, we recover a simple characterization of letter balance for primitive substitutive subshifts. Finally, we refine known descriptions of the possible continuous eigenvalues in terms of the measures of the bases of the towers provided by the $S$-adic representation.

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Valérie Berthé, Paulina Cecchi-Bernales, Bastián Espinoza. 2026-02-04. Continuous eigenvalues of minimal subshifts via S-adic representations and coboundaries. https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.04833

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