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arXiv · 2602.11883

A unified framework for photon and massive particle hypersurfaces in stationary spacetimes

Erasmo Caponio·Anna valeria Germinario·Antonio Masiello
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Abstract

We revisit the notion of massive particle hypersurfaces and place it within a unified framework alongside photon hypersurfaces in stationary spacetimes. More precisely, for Killing-invariant timelike hypersurfaces $T=\mathbb{R}\times S_0$, where $S_0$ is a smooth embedded surface in a spacelike slice $S$ of the stationary spacetime, we show that $T$ is a photon hypersurface or a massive particle hypersurface if and only if $S_0$ is totally geodesic with respect to certain associated Finsler structures on the slice: a Randers metric governing null geodesics and a Jacobi--Randers metric governing timelike solutions of the Lorentz force equation at fixed energy and charge-to-mass ratio. We also prove existence and multiplicity results for proper-time parametrized solutions of the Lorentz force equation with fixed energy and charge-to-mass ratio, either connecting a point to a flow line of the Killing vector field or having periodic, non-constant projection on $S$.

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Erasmo Caponio, Anna valeria Germinario, Antonio Masiello. 2026-02-12. A unified framework for photon and massive particle hypersurfaces in stationary spacetimes. https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.11883

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