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arXiv · 2602.12507

Unusual Circumstances of the 2024 June 8 GLE

Nat Gopalswamy·Pertti Makela·Hong Xie·Sachiko Akiyama·Seiji Yashiro·Atul Mohan
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Abstract

Ground Level Enhancement (GLE) in large solar energetic particle (SEP) events is indicative of protons accelerated to GeV energies. Almost all GLE events are associated with sustained gamma-ray emission (SGRE) from the Sun because the latter require >300 MeV protons that are readily present during GLEs. Here we report on the 2024 June 8 GLE event, which has the distinction of not being associated with an SGRE event. All the associated phenomena typical of SGRE events were present: a fast and wide CME, a major solar flare, and an intense type II radio bursts that extend from the metric to kilometric wavelength domains. There was a data gap of ~51 min, but the SGRE is expected to last for hours. We suggest the east-west asymmetry in the flow of energetic particles from the shock is likely to be the reason for the lack of SGRE emission.

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Nat Gopalswamy, Pertti Makela, Hong Xie, Sachiko Akiyama, Seiji Yashiro, Atul Mohan. 2026-02-13. Unusual Circumstances of the 2024 June 8 GLE. https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.12507

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