Precision Hamiltonian Encoding in Full-Aperture Spatial Photonic Ising Machines

P. S. Karavelas; D. Karanikolopoulos; L. Mouchliadis; A. K. Spiliotis; N. L. Pitanios; S. Gentilini; D. Veraldi; P. Charlesworth; D. Pierangeli; J. Sakellariou; N. G. Berloff; S. I. Tsintzos; C. Conti; P. G. Savvidis

arXiv · 2602.13714

Precision Hamiltonian Encoding in Full-Aperture Spatial Photonic Ising Machines

P. S. Karavelas·D. Karanikolopoulos·L. Mouchliadis·A. K. Spiliotis·N. L. Pitanios·S. Gentilini·D. Veraldi·P. Charlesworth·D. Pierangeli·J. Sakellariou·N. G. Berloff·S. I. Tsintzos·C. Conti·P. G. Savvidis

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Abstract

Spatial photonic Ising machines (SPIMs) offer compact, room-temperature hardware with inherently parallel, energy-efficient, single-shot optical evaluation of the Ising Hamiltonian. However, accurate operation has been fundamentally limited by optical aberrations and non-uniform illumination, which corrupt phase-based spin encoding and distort coupling representation, forcing operation to a restricted spatial light modulator (SLM) region. Here we introduce a high-precision full-aperture calibration scheme that overcomes these constraints. By implementing wavefront retrieval and correction with $<\lambda/40$ accuracy, we restore faithful phase encoding across the entire SLM area. Furthermore, we introduce an interaction-normalization method, which compensates for amplitude curvature and enables uniform coupling representation. Together, these advances establish a full-aperture SPIM architecture whose faithful Hamiltonian encoding is a prerequisite for photonic Ising computation.

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P. S. Karavelas, D. Karanikolopoulos, L. Mouchliadis, A. K. Spiliotis, N. L. Pitanios, S. Gentilini, D. Veraldi, P. Charlesworth, D. Pierangeli, J. Sakellariou, N. G. Berloff, S. I. Tsintzos, C. Conti, P. G. Savvidis. 2026-02-14. Precision Hamiltonian Encoding in Full-Aperture Spatial Photonic Ising Machines. https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.13714

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