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arXiv · 2602.16299

MICE: Minimal Interaction Cross-Encoders for efficient Re-ranking

Mathias Vast·Victor Morand·Josiane Mothe·Benjamin Piwowarski
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Abstract

In Information Retrieval (IR), cross-encoders deliver state-of-the-art ranking effectiveness but have a high inference cost, limiting their use to second-stage re-rankers. Prior work has addressed this bottleneck from two largely separate directions: accelerating cross-encoder inference through attention sparsification, or improving first-stage retrieval effectiveness to alleviate the need of a re-ranker, using more complex models, e.g. late-interactions. In this work, we bridge these two directions through an in-depth analysis of cross-encoder internal mechanisms. By identifying and removing superfluous interactions, we derive MICE (Minimal Interaction Cross-Encoders), a new cross-encoder architecture that retains effectiveness while reducing computational overhead. Extensive evaluations show MICE retains most of the performances of its cross-encoder counterparts in-domain and matches or even exceeds it in out-of-domain, while reducing FLOPs down to 2.5 times.

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Mathias Vast, Victor Morand, Josiane Mothe, Benjamin Piwowarski. 2026-02-18. MICE: Minimal Interaction Cross-Encoders for efficient Re-ranking. https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.16299

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