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arXiv · 2602.18280

Spontaneous Raman scattering in SDM fibers

Lucas Alves Zischler·Giammarco Di Sciullo·Divya A. Shaji·Antonio Mecozzi·Cristian Antonelli
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Abstract

Spontaneous Raman scattering (SpRS) is a weak non-linear effect, particularly relevant to classical-quantum coexistence transmission and sensing applications. In classical transmission, the relevant Raman effect is stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), and recent studies have examined it in space-division multiplexing (SDM) fibers. An intrinsic relation between SpRS and SRS allows previous SRS results to inform SpRS models. In this work, we extend SpRS models derived for single-mode fibers (SMFs) to SDM fibers with multiple mode groups of degenerate modes, covering both Stokes and anti-Stokes bands. The proposed model is a useful, fiber-design-independent tool for evaluating scattered noise in optical links, and it is validated through experimental measurements in field-deployed multi-core fibers (MCFs) and multi-mode fiber (MMF), showing good agreement.

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Lucas Alves Zischler, Giammarco Di Sciullo, Divya A. Shaji, Antonio Mecozzi, Cristian Antonelli. 2026-02-20. Spontaneous Raman scattering in SDM fibers. https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.18280

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