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arXiv · 2603.01911

Classical field simulation of vortex lattice melting in a two-dimensional fast rotating Bose gas

Sálvio Jacob Bereta·Lucas Madeira·Mônica A. Caracanhas·Hélène Perrin·Romain Dubessy
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Abstract

We present a classical field simulation study of the thermal melting of a two-dimensional vortex lattice in a rotating Bose gas, focusing on the role of finite-size effects on the melting temperature. This work constitutes a numerical continuation of the recent experimental investigation reported in [Physical Review Letters 133, 143401 (2024)], which addressed the thermal melting of a vortex lattice in a quasi-two-dimensional Bose gas. Using the stochastic projected Gross-Pitaevskii equation in a harmonic plus quartic trap, we simulate the finite-temperature equilibrium state and extract vortex configurations from density snapshots. Clear signatures of the two-step Kosterlitz--Thouless--Halperin--Nelson--Young melting scenario are identified. Our simulations enable a detailed characterization of the crystalline, hexatic, and liquid phases through correlation functions quantifying the translational and orientational order and through defect statistics. Finite-size effects are shown to play a crucial role at lower rotation frequencies, affecting the proliferation of lattice defects.

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Sálvio Jacob Bereta, Lucas Madeira, Mônica A. Caracanhas, Hélène Perrin, Romain Dubessy. 2026-03-02. Classical field simulation of vortex lattice melting in a two-dimensional fast rotating Bose gas. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.01911

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