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arXiv · 2603.04334

SpotIt+: Verification-based Text-to-SQL Evaluation with Database Constraints

Andrew Tremante·Yang He·Rocky Klopfenstein·Yuepeng Wang·Nina Narodytska·Haoze Wu
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Abstract

We present SpotIt+, an open-source tool for evaluating Text-to-SQL systems via bounded equivalence verification. Given a generated SQL query and the ground truth, SpotIt+ actively searches for database instances that differentiate the two queries. To ensure that the generated counterexamples reflect practically relevant discrepancies, we introduce a best-effort constraint-mining pipeline that combines rule-based specification mining with LLM-based validation over example databases. Experimental results on the BIRD dataset show that the mined constraints enable SpotIt+ to generate more realistic differentiating databases, while preserving its ability to efficiently uncover numerous discrepancies between generated and gold SQL queries that are missed by standard test-based evaluation.

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Andrew Tremante, Yang He, Rocky Klopfenstein, Yuepeng Wang, Nina Narodytska, Haoze Wu. 2026-03-04. SpotIt+: Verification-based Text-to-SQL Evaluation with Database Constraints. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.04334

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