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arXiv · 2603.06451

On Schwarzschild black hole singularity formation

Jorge Ovalle·Roberto Casadio·Alexander Kamenshchik
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Abstract

We examine whether the Schwarzschild black hole can emerge as the continuous end state of gravitational collapse from a non-singular configuration. Employing a time dependent extension of the regular Schwarzschild metric, we track the evolution of the geometry during collapse and find that the process cannot remain continuous. The metric function develops a discontinuity at the origin, marking a breakdown of spacetime smoothness, an effect identified as ``Minkowski breaking.'' Before the Schwarzschild point source can form at $r=0$, curvature singularities appear and the Cauchy horizon disappears. These results strongly suggest that spacetime may not evolve smoothly toward the Schwarzschild geometry. Instead, the formation of a Schwarzschild black hole appears to entail a discrete change in the structure of spacetime, pointing to the need for a noncontinuous, possibly quantized, framework to describe the emergence or regularization of gravitational singularities.

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Jorge Ovalle, Roberto Casadio, Alexander Kamenshchik. 2026-03-06. On Schwarzschild black hole singularity formation. https://doi.org/10.1103/cbs6-d7pr

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