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arXiv · 2603.08306

Fundamental and operational limitations of Fisher-information-based quantum metrology

Zdeněk Hradil·Jaroslav Řeháček
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Abstract

Quantum-enhanced sensing is commonly benchmarked using the quantum Fisher information (QFI), often interpreted as a direct indicator of achievable precision. However, such an interpreta- tion is only justified within a fully specified inference framework that consistently incorporates state preparation, measurement design, resource accounting, estimator construction, prior information, and finite data effects. Here we develop an operational, end-to-end framework for quantum sensing under finite resources and identify general principles required for meaningful performance assess- ment. A central conceptual point is that the relevant unit of estimation is not a single detection event, but the complete data set required to construct a consistent estimator. Rather than relying on abstract statistical formalism, we analyze a set of paradigmatic and experimentally relevant ex- amples that expose common pitfalls in widely discussed quantum sensing strategies. These include quantum interferometry, sensing with squeezed states, and criticality-inspired protocols. Our results clarify when large Fisher information or nonclassical resources translate into genuine metrological advantage, and when they do not. They further provide a practical methodology for designing and evaluating quantum sensing protocols under realistic experimental constraints.

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Zdeněk Hradil, Jaroslav Řeháček. 2026-03-09. Fundamental and operational limitations of Fisher-information-based quantum metrology. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.08306

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