Interpretative Interfaces: Designing for AI-Mediated Reading Practices and the Knowledge Commons

Abstract

Explainable AI (XAI) interfaces seek to make large language models more transparent, yet explanation alone does not produce understanding. Explaining a system's behavior is not the same as being able to engage with it, to probe and interpret its operations through direct manipulation. This distinction matters for scientific disciplines in particular: scientists who increasingly rely on LLMs for reading, citing, and producing literature reviews have little means of directly engaging with how these models process and transform the texts they generate. In this ongoing design research project, I argue for a shift from explainability to interpretative engagement. This shift moves away from accounts of system behavior to instead enable users to manipulate a model's intermediate representations. Drawing on textual scholarship, computational poetics, and the history of reading and writing technologies, including practices such as marginalia, glosses, indices, and annotation systems, I propose interpretative interfaces as interactive environments in which non-expert users can intervene in the representational space of a language model. More specifically, such interfaces will allow users to select a token and follow its trajectory through the model's intermediate layers. This way, they can observe how its semantic position shifts as context is processed, and possibly annotate the transformations they find useful or meaningful. The same way readers can create their own maps within a book through annotations and bookmarks, interpretative interfaces will allow users to inscribe their reading of a model's internal representations. The goal of this project is to reframe AI interpretability as an interaction design project rather than a purely technical one, and to open a path toward AI-mediated reading that supports interpretative engagement and critical stewardship of scientific knowledge.