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arXiv · 2603.15983

Demand Response Under Stochastic, Price-Dependent User Behavior

Guido Cavraro·Andrey Bernstein·Emiliano Dall'Anese
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Abstract

This paper focuses on price-based residential demand response implemented through dynamic adjustments of electricity prices during DR events. It extends existing DR models to a stochastic framework in which customer response is represented by price-dependent random variables, leveraging models and tools from the theory of stochastic optimization with decision-dependent distributions. The inherent epistemic uncertainty in the customers' responses renders open-loop, model-based DR strategies impractical. To address this challenge, the paper proposes to employ stochastic, feedback-based pricing strategies to compensate for estimation errors and uncertainty in customer response. The paper then establishes theoretical results demonstrating the stability and near-optimality of the proposed approach and validates its effectiveness through numerical simulations.

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Guido Cavraro, Andrey Bernstein, Emiliano Dall'Anese. 2026-03-16. Demand Response Under Stochastic, Price-Dependent User Behavior. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.15983

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