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arXiv · 2603.16558

Segmentation-Based Attention Entropy: Detecting and Mitigating Object Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models

Jiale Song·Jiaxin Luo·Xue-song Tang·Kuangrong Hao·Mingbo Zhao
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Abstract

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) achieve strong performance on many multimodal tasks, but object hallucinations severely undermine their reliability. Most existing studies focus on the text modality, attributing hallucinations to overly strong language priors and insufficient visual grounding. In contrast, we observe that abnormal attention patterns within the visual modality can also give rise to hallucinated objects. Building on this observation, we propose Segmentation-based Attention Entropy (SAE), which leverages semantic segmentation to quantify visual attention uncertainty in a semantic space. Based on SAE, we further design a reliability score for hallucination detection and an SAE-guided attention adjustment method that modifies visual attention at inference time to mitigate hallucinations. We evaluate our approach on public benchmarks and in real embodied multimodal scenarios with quadruped robots. Experiments show that SAE reduces hallucinations without additional training, improving LVLM reliability.

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Jiale Song, Jiaxin Luo, Xue-song Tang, Kuangrong Hao, Mingbo Zhao. 2026-03-17. Segmentation-Based Attention Entropy: Detecting and Mitigating Object Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.16558

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