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arXiv · 2603.19371

Factored Levenberg-Marquardt for Diffeomorphic Image Registration: An efficient optimizer for FireANTs

Rohit Jena·Pratik Chaudhari·James C. Gee
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Abstract

FireANTs introduced a novel Eulerian descent method for plug-and-play behavior with arbitrary optimizers adapted for diffeomorphic image registration as a test-time optimization problem, with a GPU-accelerated implementation. FireANTs uses Adam as its default optimizer for fast and more robust optimization. However, Adam requires storing state variables (i.e. momentum and squared-momentum estimates), each of which can consume significant memory, prohibiting its use for significantly large images. In this work, we propose a modified Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) optimizer that requires only a single scalar damping parameter as optimizer state, that is adaptively tuned using a trust region approach. The resulting optimizer reduces memory by up to 24.6% for large volumes, and retaining performance across all four datasets. A single hyperparameter configuration tuned on brain MRI transfers without modification to lung CT and cross-modal abdominal registration, matching or outperforming Adam on three of four benchmarks. We also perform ablations on the effectiveness of using Metropolis-Hastings style rejection step to prevent updates that worsen the loss function.

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Rohit Jena, Pratik Chaudhari, James C. Gee. 2026-03-19. Factored Levenberg-Marquardt for Diffeomorphic Image Registration: An efficient optimizer for FireANTs. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.19371

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