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arXiv · 2603.21395

Heterosymmetric states of rotating quantum droplets under confinement

S. Nikolaou·G. M. Kavoulakis·M. Ogren
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Abstract

We investigate the rotational response of a confined, two-dimensional quantum droplet, which emerges in an attractive binary Bose mixture that is stabilized against collapse by beyond-mean-field effects. We consider both a harmonic and an anharmonic form for the external confining potential. We go beyond the widely employed ``phase-locked" single-order-parameter model, maintaining two separate order parameters for the two components, and calculating the lowest-energy state for various values of the angular momentum. For a population-balanced quantum droplet and sufficiently tight confinement, we find that near certain half-integer values of the angular momentum the droplet is excited in a ``heterosymmetric" manner, with the two components carrying different vorticities. This mode is naturally missed by the single-order-parameter model. We additionally investigate the effects of a small population imbalance in the droplet. Apart from an energy increase associated with the population difference, the imbalance also lifts the double degeneracy of the heterosymmetric states, which characterizes the $\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetric balanced droplet. The heterosymmetric mode is found to be favored by the energy term which captures the beyond-mean-field effects in the mixture.

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S. Nikolaou, G. M. Kavoulakis, M. Ogren. 2026-03-22. Heterosymmetric states of rotating quantum droplets under confinement. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.21395

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