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arXiv · 2603.22361

Analytical $poly\Lambda$CDM dynamics

Pierros Ntelis·Jackson Levi Said
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Abstract

We develop a novel analytical dynamical analysis to derive precise energy density ratio evolutions for the $\phi$CDM and $poly\Lambda$CDM models, comparing them to the standard $\Lambda$CDM model and validating against numerical solutions. Analytical solutions for the quintessence, i.e. $\phi$CDM, show sub percent agreement with $\Lambda$CDM with greater reliability than numerical integration of stiff systems. The $poly\Lambda$CDM model, a phenomenological modified gravity framework, captures radiation, matter, dark energy, and exotic epochs, offering a streamlined yet comprehensive alternative to existing studies. Its dynamics reveal a global transition from a dark energy-dark matter exchange reflector, through saddle points of matter, radiation, curvature, and modified gravity, to an SVT modified gravity attractor-saddle, and finally to a cosmological constant attractor in the far future, with saddle transitions between modified gravity components. The $poly\Lambda$CDM model integrates modified gravity models, using dynamical analysis to distinguish observationally viable critical points and differentiate gravity epochs. All three models align with observed cosmic evolution, but $poly\Lambda$CDM richer phenomenology provides deeper insights into modified gravity dynamics. Code available at GitHub.

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Pierros Ntelis, Jackson Levi Said. 2026-03-22. Analytical $poly\Lambda$CDM dynamics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dark.2025.101985

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