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arXiv · 2603.22788

Production probability of super-heavy nuclei in fusion

Ning Wang·Cheng Li·Hong Yao
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Abstract

The synthesis of super-heavy nuclei (SHN) through fusion reactions is a critical area of nuclear physics, offering insights into nuclear stability and the limits of the periodic table. However, theoretical predictions of evaporation residue cross sections $ \sigma_{\rm {ER} }$ remain challenging due to large uncertainties arising from complex reaction mechanisms and sensitive model parameters. In this work, the average production probabilities of SHN with atomic number $Z\ge 110$ are systematically analyzed, based on barrier tunneling concept. Together with the empirical barrier distribution method for describing capture, a phenomenological formula, EBD3, is proposed, which reproduces 58 measured $ \sigma_{\rm {ER} }$ within one order of magnitude, with a root-mean-square deviation of 0.369. The formula successfully captures key quantities in fission-like process, including fission barrier height, mass asymmetry, depth of capture pocket and the effective fusion barrier height. Predictions for the synthesis of element 119 are presented, identifying promising projectile-target combinations such as $^{50}$Ti + $^{249}$Bk with a maximum cross section of $54.9_{-29.0}^{+61.3}$ fb at excitation energy of 36.5 MeV. The maximum cross section falls to $3.2_{-1.7}^{+3.6}$ fb for $^{54}$Cr + $^{243}$Am at the optimal incident energy of 244 MeV.

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Ning Wang, Cheng Li, Hong Yao. 2026-03-24. Production probability of super-heavy nuclei in fusion. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.22788

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