Lightweight GenAI for Network Traffic Generation: Fidelity, Augmentation, and Classification

Abstract

Network Traffic Classification (NTC) increasingly relies on data-driven models, yet its practical deployment is often constrained by limited labeled data, strict privacy requirements, and the cost of collecting representative traffic traces. While Network Traffic Generation (NTG) provides an effective means to mitigate data scarcity, conventional generative methods struggle to model the complex temporal dynamics of modern traffic and often incur high computational costs. In this article, we investigate lightweight Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) architectures for practical NTG. Rather than generating raw packet bytes or relying on large foundation models, we synthesize compact flow-level traffic representations derived from early packet-header information, enabling transformer-based, state-space, and diffusion models with only a few million parameters. We present a modular GenAI pipeline for NTG and evaluate it along four complementary axes: (i) synthetic traffic fidelity, (ii) synthetic-only training for privacy-preserving NTC, (iii) data augmentation under low-data regimes, and (iv) computational efficiency. Experiments on two heterogeneous datasets show that lightweight transformer-based and state-space models preserve both static and temporal traffic characteristics, while providing useful synthetic data for downstream NTC. Among them, transformer-based models offer the best fidelity-efficiency trade-off, combining high-quality traffic generation with moderate computational overhead.