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arXiv · 2603.25636

Designing Any Imaging System from Natural Language: Agent-Constrained Composition over a Finite Primitive Basis

Chengshuai Yang
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Abstract

Designing a computational imaging system -- selecting operators, setting parameters, validating consistency -- requires weeks of specialist effort per modality, creating an expertise bottleneck that excludes the broader scientific community from prototyping imaging instruments. We introduce spec.md, a structured specification format, and three autonomous agents -- Plan, Judge, and Execute -- that translate a one-sentence natural-language description into a validated forward model with bounded reconstruction error. A design-to-real error theorem decomposes total reconstruction error into five independently bounded terms, each linked to a corrective action. On 6 real-data modalities spanning all 5 carrier families, the automated pipeline matches expert-library quality (98.1 +/- 4.2%). Ten novel designs -- composing primitives into chains from 3D to 5D -- demonstrate compositional reach beyond any single-modality tool.

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Chengshuai Yang. 2026-03-26. Designing Any Imaging System from Natural Language: Agent-Constrained Composition over a Finite Primitive Basis. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.25636

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