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arXiv · 2603.27393

K-Means Based TinyML Anomaly Detection and Distributed Model Reuse via the Distributed Internet of Learning (DIoL)

Abdulrahman Albaiz·Fathi Amsaad
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Abstract

This paper presents a lightweight K-Means anomaly detection model and a distributed model-sharing workflow designed for resource-constrained microcontrollers (MCUs). Using real power measurements from a mini-fridge appliance, the system performs on-device feature extraction, clustering, and threshold estimation to identify abnormal appliance behavior. To avoid retraining models on every device, we introduce the Distributed Internet of Learning (DIoL), which enables a model trained on one MCU to be exported as a portable, text-based representation and reused directly on other devices. A two-device prototype demonstrates the feasibility of the "Train Once, Share Everywhere" (TOSE) approach using a real-world appliance case study, where Device A trains the model and Device B performs inference without retraining. Experimental results show consistent anomaly detection behavior, negligible parsing overhead, and identical inference runtimes between standalone and DIoL-based operation. The proposed framework enables scalable, low-cost TinyML deployment across fleets of embedded devices.

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Abdulrahman Albaiz, Fathi Amsaad. 2026-03-28. K-Means Based TinyML Anomaly Detection and Distributed Model Reuse via the Distributed Internet of Learning (DIoL). https://doi.org/10.1109/satc69565.2026.11542487

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