CausalPulse: An Industrial-Grade Neurosymbolic Multi-Agent Copilot for Causal Diagnostics in Smart Manufacturing

Abstract

Modern manufacturing environments demand real-time, trustworthy, and interpretable root-cause insights to sustain productivity and quality. Traditional analytics pipelines often treat anomaly detection, causal inference, and root-cause analysis as isolated stages, limiting scalability and explainability. In this work, we present CausalPulse, an industry-grade multi-agent copilot that automates causal diagnostics in smart manufacturing. It unifies anomaly detection, causal discovery, and reasoning through a neurosymbolic architecture built on standardized agentic protocols. CausalPulse is being deployed in a Robert Bosch manufacturing plant, integrating seamlessly with existing monitoring workflows and supporting real-time operation at production scale. Evaluations on both public (Future Factories) and proprietary (Planar Sensor Element) datasets show high reliability, achieving overall success rates of 98.0% and 98.73%. Per-criterion success rates reached 98.75% for planning and tool use, 97.3% for self-reflection, and 99.2% for collaboration. Runtime experiments report end-to-end latency of 50-60s per diagnostic workflow with near-linear scalability (R^2=0.97), confirming real-time readiness. Comparison with existing industrial copilots highlights distinct advantages in modularity, extensibility, and deployment maturity. These results demonstrate how CausalPulse's modular, human-in-the-loop design enables reliable, interpretable, and production-ready automation for next-generation manufacturing.