In-vivo entropy production of A. subaru

Yu Fu; Emmy Dobson; Benjamin B. Machta; Michael C. Abbott

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arXiv · 2604.00453

In-vivo entropy production of A. subaru

Yu Fu·Emmy Dobson·Benjamin B. Machta·Michael C. Abbott

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Abstract

Entropy production is often used as a proxy for energy consumption of a non-equilibrium system. Lower bounds can be estimated from coarse-grained observations, and this has been done for various biological systems. Here, we apply these tools to a more macroscopic system whose true energy consumption is also known. We find that while entropy production does give a lower bound, it is some 25 orders of magnitude away from being saturated. To be certain of this result, we survey different methods of estimating irreversibility, and write down a novel kNN estimator.

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Yu Fu, Emmy Dobson, Benjamin B. Machta, Michael C. Abbott. 2026-04-01. In-vivo entropy production of A. subaru. https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.00453

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