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arXiv · 2604.03617

Hybrid Voltage-Current Control of Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Inverters

Zirui Wang·Yitong Li·Quanchi Wu·Jinjun Liu
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Abstract

Grid-connected inverters are required to operate stably under a wide range of grid conditions. However, conventional grid-following (GFL) control may suffer from instability under weak-grid conditions, while grid-forming (GFM) control may exhibit unstable oscillations under strong-grid conditions. To address these issues, a hybrid voltage-current control method is proposed in this article. A voltage control is introduced on the d-axis, while a current control is adopted on the q-axis, enabling the inverter to exhibit voltage-source characteristics on the d-axis and current-source characteristics on the q-axis. In this way, the proposed control integrates the characteristics of both conventional GFL and GFM control. A full-order model is established to analyze the port characteristics and small-signal stability of the systems. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is validated through simulations and experiments on a 1.5 kW inverter experimental platform. The results show that the proposed control maintains stable operation under different grid conditions with varying short-circuit ratios (SCRs).

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Zirui Wang, Yitong Li, Quanchi Wu, Jinjun Liu. 2026-04-04. Hybrid Voltage-Current Control of Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Inverters. https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.03617

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