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arXiv · 2604.09169

UniSemAlign: Text-Prototype Alignment with a Foundation Encoder for Semi-Supervised Histopathology Segmentation

Le-Van Thai·Tien Dat Nguyen·Hoai Nhan Pham·Lan Anh Dinh Thi·Duy-Dong Nguyen·Ngoc Lam Quang Bui
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Abstract

Semi-supervised semantic segmentation in computational pathology remains challenging due to scarce pixel-level annotations and unreliable pseudo-label supervision. We propose UniSemAlign, a dual-modal semantic alignment framework that enhances visual segmentation by injecting explicit class-level structure into pixel-wise learning. Built upon a pathology-pretrained Transformer encoder, UniSemAlign introduces complementary prototype-level and text-level alignment branches in a shared embedding space, providing structured guidance that reduces class ambiguity and stabilizes pseudo-label refinement. The aligned representations are fused with visual predictions to generate more reliable supervision for unlabeled histopathology images. The framework is trained end-to-end with supervised segmentation, cross-view consistency, and cross-modal alignment objectives. Extensive experiments on the GlaS and CRAG datasets demonstrate that UniSemAlign substantially outperforms recent semi-supervised baselines under limited supervision, achieving Dice improvements of up to 2.6% on GlaS and 8.6% on CRAG with only 10% labeled data, and strong improvements at 20% supervision. Code is available at: https://github.com/thailevann/UniSemAlign

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Le-Van Thai, Tien Dat Nguyen, Hoai Nhan Pham, Lan Anh Dinh Thi, Duy-Dong Nguyen, Ngoc Lam Quang Bui. 2026-04-10. UniSemAlign: Text-Prototype Alignment with a Foundation Encoder for Semi-Supervised Histopathology Segmentation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.09169

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