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arXiv · 2604.13481

Monthly Diffusion v0.9: A Latent Diffusion Model for the First AI-MIP

Kyle J. C. Hall·Maria J. Molina
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Abstract

Here, we describe Monthly Diffusion at 1.5-degree grid spacing (MD-1.5 version 0.9), a climate emulator that leverages a spherical Fourier neural operator (SFNO)-inspired Conditional Variational Auto-Encoder (CVAE) architecture to model the evolution of low-frequency internal atmospheric variability using latent diffusion. MDv0.9 was designed to forward-step at monthly mean timesteps in a data-sparse regime, using modest computational requirements. This work describes the motivation behind the architecture design, the MDv0.9 training procedure, and initial results.

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Kyle J. C. Hall, Maria J. Molina. 2026-04-15. Monthly Diffusion v0.9: A Latent Diffusion Model for the First AI-MIP. https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.13481

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