Coding with Eyes: Visual Feedback Unlocks Reliable GUI Code Generating and Debugging

Zhilin Liu; Ye Huang; Ting Xie; Ruizhi Zhang; Wen Li; Lixin Duan

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arXiv · 2604.19750

Coding with Eyes: Visual Feedback Unlocks Reliable GUI Code Generating and Debugging

Zhilin Liu·Ye Huang·Ting Xie·Ruizhi Zhang·Wen Li·Lixin Duan

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Abstract

Recent advances in Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents have shown remarkable progress in code generation. However, current agent methods mainly rely on text-output-based feedback (e.g. command-line outputs) for multi-round debugging and struggle in graphical user interface (GUI) that involve visual information. This is mainly due to two limitations: 1) GUI programs are event-driven, yet existing methods cannot simulate user interactions to trigger GUI element logic 2) GUI programs possess visual attributes, making it difficult for text-based approaches to assess whether the rendered interface meets user needs. To systematically address these challenges, we first introduce InteractGUI Bench, a novel benchmark comprising 984 commonly used real-world desktop GUI application tasks designed for fine-grained evaluation of both interaction logic and visual structure. Furthermore, we propose VF-Coder, a vision-feedback-based multi-agent system for debugging GUI code. By perceiving visual information and directly interacting with program interfaces, VF-Coder can identify potential logic and layout issues in a human-like manner. On InteractGUI Bench, our VF-Coder approach increases the success rate of Gemini-3-Flash from 21.68% to 28.29% and raises the visual score from 0.4284 to 0.5584, indicating the effectiveness of visual feedback in GUI debugging.

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Zhilin Liu, Ye Huang, Ting Xie, Ruizhi Zhang, Wen Li, Lixin Duan. 2026-03-14. Coding with Eyes: Visual Feedback Unlocks Reliable GUI Code Generating and Debugging. https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.19750

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